---
title: The warriors who stayed and shot at the bird gave great war whoops,… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The warriors who stayed and shot at the bird gave great war whoops, but the bird did not fly away, nor was it frightened at any noise they made. Who acts: warriors, great war, bird, strings. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wa
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 17

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The warriors who stayed and shot at the bird gave great war whoops, but the bird did not fly away, nor was it frightened at any noise they made.

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**Who acts:** warriors, great war, bird, strings · **What happens:** stay, shoot, give, whoop, not fly away, frighten · **To what, where:** bird, noise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warriors, great war, bird, strings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:64:17
# text = The warriors who stayed and shot at the bird gave great war whoops, but the bird did not fly away, nor was it frightened at any noise they made.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	whoops	whoop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
21	away	away	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	26	cc	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
29	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the warriors |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | the warriors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the bird | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at bird=Destination |
| 3 | **give** | past | the warriors |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **whoop** *speech: other* | present | great war |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **fly away** | past · do-support | the bird |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **frighten** | past · passive |  | bird |  | any noise |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 7 | **make** | past | strings *= string* | any noise *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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