---
title: The warriors waited, and the boy shot his arrow. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The warriors waited, and the boy shot his arrow. Who acts: warriors, boy. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 25

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The warriors waited, and the boy shot his arrow.

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**Who acts:** warriors, boy · **What happens:** wait, shoot · **To what, where:** arrow

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warriors, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:64:25
# text = The warriors waited, and the boy shot his arrow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the warriors |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | the boy | warrior's arrow |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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