---
title: When war was to be declared the tomahawk should be painted on a belt… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: When war was to be declared the tomahawk should be painted on a belt of wampum; it should be sent to the tribe they would fight against; when the war was over the two tribes should exchange belts of wampum as promises of peace. Who acts: arrows, war. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North Ameri
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 32

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When war was to be declared the tomahawk should be painted on a belt of wampum; it should be sent to the tribe they would fight against; when the war was over the two tribes should exchange belts of wampum as promises of peace.

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**Who acts:** arrows, war · **What happens:** declare, paint, send, fight, be, promise · **To what, where:** war, tomahawk, belt, tribe, two tribes, peace

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrows, war), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:64:32
# text = When war was to be declared the tomahawk should be painted on a belt of wampum; it should be sent to the tribe they would fight against; when the war was over the two tribes should exchange belts of wampum as promises of peace.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tomahawk	tomahawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	wampum	wampum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
28	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
30	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	39	advmod	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
34	over	over	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
38	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	exchange	exchange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
40	belts	belt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	wampum	wampum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	as	as	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | war |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF» |
| 2 | **paint** | should · passive |  | the tomahawk |  | a belt of wampum |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on belt=Destination |
| 3 | **send** | should · passive |  | tomahawk |  | the tribe |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to tribe=Destination |
| 4 | **fight** | would | arrows *= arrow* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | should · past | the war |  |  | the two tribes |  | as promises of peace; belts of wampum *obj*; exchange *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **promise** |  |  | peace |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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