---
title: I cannot tell what has gone,” said the maiden. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: I cannot tell what has gone,” said the maiden. Who acts: I. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XL. the Magic Moccasins, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I cannot tell what has gone,” said the maiden.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** not tell, go, say · **To what, where:** maiden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:65:35
# text = I cannot tell what has gone,” said the maiden.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	maiden	maiden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | can | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  | the maiden |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent maiden=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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