---
title: “I can only see moose bones lying on the ground. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “I can only see moose bones lying on the ground. Who acts: Wahkandee, moose bones. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XL. the Magic Moccasins, sentence 40

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“I can only see moose bones lying on the ground.

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**Who acts:** Wahkandee, moose bones · **What happens:** see, lie · **To what, where:** moose bones, ground

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wahkandee, moose bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:65:40
# text = “I can only see moose bones lying on the ground.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | can | Wahkandee | moose bones |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lie** *in a quote* | gerund | moose bones *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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