---
title: The manitou had whispered many secrets to the leather; but he gave i… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The manitou had whispered many secrets to the leather; but he gave it all to the hunter’s wife because of his love for her husband. Who acts: manitou. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XL. the Magic Moccasins, sentence 5

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The manitou had whispered many secrets to the leather; but he gave it all to the hunter’s wife because of his love for her husband.

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**Who acts:** manitou · **What happens:** whisper, give, love · **To what, where:** manitou, leather, wife

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manitou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:65:5
# text = The manitou had whispered many secrets to the leather; but he gave it all to the hunter’s wife because of his love for her husband.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manitou	manitou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	whispered	whisper	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	’s	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
21	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	24	case	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive |  | the manitou |  |  |  | to the leather; many secrets *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | past | manitou | leather | the hunter's wife |  |  | because manitou's love; for wife's husband | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent it=Theme to wife=Recipient for husband=Asset |
| 3 | **love** |  | manitou |  |  |  |  |  | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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