---
title: “I like to eat; it is hard to be faint and hungry,” said the boy whe… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “I like to eat; it is hard to be faint and hungry,” said the boy when his father took him to the little wigwam in the forest. Who acts: boy, father. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon, with its dependency tree a
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I like to eat; it is hard to be faint and hungry,” said the boy when his father took him to the little wigwam in the forest.

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**Who acts:** boy, father · **What happens:** like, eat, be, say, take · **To what, where:** boy, forest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:67:3
# text = “I like to eat; it is hard to be faint and hungry,” said the boy when his father took him to the little wigwam in the forest.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	expl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** *in a quote* | present | the boy *= boy* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | the boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** *in a quote* |  | the boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **take** | past | boy's father |  | boy | the forest |  | to the little wigwam | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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