---
title: Where have you been?” asked the mother. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Where have you been?” asked the mother. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon, sentence 47

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Where have you been?” asked the mother.

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**What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XLII. the Indian Who Married the Moon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:67:47
# text = Where have you been?” asked the mother.
1	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	2	advmod	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the mother *obj*; ask *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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