---
title: Now they are prevented by law from fishing or hunting outside the bo… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Now they are prevented by law from fishing or hunting outside the boundaries of their various reservations, to which they were sent by the government for different reasons. Who acts: law, government. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Introductory—t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition, sentence 2

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Now they are prevented by law from fishing or hunting outside the boundaries of their various reservations, to which they were sent by the government for different reasons.

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**Who acts:** law, government · **What happens:** prevent, hunt, send · **To what, where:** tribes, fishing, boundaries, various reservations

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (law, government), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:68:2
# text = Now they are prevented by law from fishing or hunting outside the boundaries of their various reservations, to which they were sent by the government for different reasons.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prevented	prevent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	boundaries	boundary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	reservations	reservation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obl	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:agent	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present · passive | law | tribes *= tribe* |  | fishing | now |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer subject=Beneficiary from fishing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | law *not said here* |  |  | the boundaries of tribes's various reservations |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent outside boundary=Location |
| 3 | **send** | past · passive | the government | tribes *= tribe* |  | tribes's various reservations |  | for different reasons | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to which=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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