---
title: A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in houses and have large numbers of horses and cattle upon the plains or on their farms in the east; other tribes, proud of their ancient customs, still try to live as nearly as possible in the way of their ancestors. Who acts: number.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition, sentence 4

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A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in houses and have large numbers of horses and cattle upon the plains or on their farms in the east; other tribes, proud of their ancient customs, still try to live as nearly as possible in the way of their ancestors.

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**Who acts:** number · **What happens:** become, live, have, try · **To what, where:** other tribes, houses, large numbers, way

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:68:4
# text = A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in houses and have large numbers of horses and cattle upon the plains or on their farms in the east; other tribes, proud of their ancient customs, still try to live as nearly as possible in the way of their ancestors.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
42	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	still	still	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	xcomp	_	_
49	as	as	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
51	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
52	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	advcl	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · perfect | a number of tribes |  |  |  |  | like the white man | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | present |  | other tribes |  | houses |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | large numbers of horses and cattle |  |  |  | upon the plains or tribes's farms in the east | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 4 | **try** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | still |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **live** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the way of tribes's ancestors |  | nearly *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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