---
title: There is a certain little black swimming bird that looks much like a… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: There is a certain little black swimming bird that looks much like a duck, which is called a diver. Who acts: certain little black swimming bird. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 43

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There is a certain little black swimming bird that looks much like a duck, which is called a diver.

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**Who acts:** certain little black swimming bird · **What happens:** be, look, call · **To what, where:** duck · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain little black swimming bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:69:43
# text = There is a certain little black swimming bird that looks much like a duck, which is called a diver.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	much	much	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a certain little black swimming bird |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present | a certain little black swimming bird |  |  |  |  | like a duck | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | a duck |  |  |  | a diver *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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