---
title: The red man seemed to believe every stone, every bush, and almost ev… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The red man seemed to believe every stone, every bush, and almost every animal had its manitou or spirit. Who acts: red man, animal. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 7

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The red man seemed to believe every stone, every bush, and almost every animal had its manitou or spirit.

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**Who acts:** red man, animal · **What happens:** seem, believe, have · **To what, where:** stone, manitou

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red man, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:69:7
# text = The red man seemed to believe every stone, every bush, and almost every animal had its manitou or spirit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	manitou	manitou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | the red man |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **believe** | to-infinitive | the red man *not said here* | every stone and every bush |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stone=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | past | every animal | animal's manitou or spirit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manitou=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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