---
title: These manitous were something to be feared, and to which prayer ough… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These manitous were something to be feared, and to which prayer ought to be offered. Who acts: manitous. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 8

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These manitous were something to be feared, and to which prayer ought to be offered.

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**Who acts:** manitous · **What happens:** be, fear, offer · **To what, where:** something, prayer

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manitous), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:69:8
# text = These manitous were something to be feared, and to which prayer ought to be offered.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	manitous	manitou	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	feared	fear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	12	det	_	_
12	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | this manitous | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fear** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V» |
| 3 | **offer** | ought · passive |  | which prayer |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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