---
title: The French explorers in the land near Lake Champlain, and in what is… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The French explorers in the land near Lake Champlain, and in what is now central New York, found many of the Iroquois villages protected by strong, well-built log forts. Who acts: central New York. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 1

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The French explorers in the land near Lake Champlain, and in what is now central New York, found many of the Iroquois villages protected by strong, well-built log forts.

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**Who acts:** central New York · **What happens:** be, find, protect, build · **To what, where:** central New York, many, Iroquois villages, French explorers

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (central New York), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:1
# text = The French explorers in the land near Lake Champlain, and in what is now central New York, found many of the Iroquois villages protected by strong, well-built log forts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	Champlain	Champlain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	appos	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
16	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
18	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Iroquois	iroquois	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
26	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	well	well	INTJ	UH	_	34	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
33	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	forts	fort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | central New York and built log forts |  |  | now | built log forts *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past | central New York and built log forts *not said here* | many of the Iroquois villages |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Topic |
| 3 | **protect** | participle |  | the Iroquois villages *not said here* |  |  |  | by strong | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **build** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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