---
title: These large houses, thus protected by forts, were used by several di… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These large houses, thus protected by forts, were used by several different families, for the “long-houses” were divided into rooms by deerskins or other robes. Who acts: several different families, deerskins. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 13

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These large houses, thus protected by forts, were used by several different families, for the “long-houses” were divided into rooms by deerskins or other robes.

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**Who acts:** several different families, deerskins · **What happens:** protect, use, divide · **To what, where:** large houses, long houses, rooms

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (several different families, deerskins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:13
# text = These large houses, thus protected by forts, were used by several different families, for the “long-houses” were divided into rooms by deerskins or other robes.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	forts	fort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	divided	divide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	deerskins	deerskin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	robes	robe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | participle |  | this large houses *not said here* |  |  |  | by forts; thus *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | past · passive | several different families | this large houses |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 3 | **divide** | past · passive | deerskins or other robes | long houses |  | rooms |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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