--- title: They were built in this way: The Indians first found a place where t… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics description: They were built in this way: The Indians first found a place where there were many tall trees; these were set on fire near their roots, and stone axes were used to rub off the coals, so they would burn faster. Who acts: Indians, many tall trees, explorers. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/) / 2 # Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 2 They were built in this way: The Indians first found a place where there were many tall trees; these were set on fire near their roots, and stone axes were used to rub off the coals, so they would burn faster. **Who acts:** Indians, many tall trees, explorers · **What happens:** build, find, be, set, use, rub off · **To what, where:** explorers, way, place, these, fire, stone axes This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, many tall trees, explorers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73136:7:2 # text = They were built in this way: The Indians first found a place where there were many tall trees; these were set on fire near their roots, and stone axes were used to rub off the coals, so they would burn faster. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det _ _ 6 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 8 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Indians Indian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 11 advmod _ _ 11 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 16 advmod _ _ 15 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 16 expl _ _ 16 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 17 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 18 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 set set VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 24 on on ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 near near ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 roots root NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 axes ax NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 conj _ _ 35 to to PART TO _ 36 mark _ _ 36 rub rub VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 xcomp _ _ 37 off off ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 coals coal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 so so ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 45 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 44 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past · passive | | explorers *= explorer* | | this way | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **find** | past | the Indians | a place | | | | first *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Topic | | 3 | **be** | past | many tall trees | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **set** | past · passive | | these | | fire | | near explorers's roots | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on fire=Destination | | 5 | **use** | past · passive | | stone axes | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 6 | **rub off** | to-infinitive | | the coals | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme | | 7 | **burn** | would | explorers *= explorer* | | | | | fast *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/3/) - ↑ back to [How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/)