---
title: As there were no horses, the logs were drawn by the Indians, and the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: As there were no horses, the logs were drawn by the Indians, and then put into place. Who acts: horses, Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 5

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As there were no horses, the logs were drawn by the Indians, and then put into place.

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**Who acts:** horses, Indians · **What happens:** be, draw, put · **To what, where:** logs, place

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:5
# text = As there were no horses, the logs were drawn by the Indians, and then put into place.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no horses |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **draw** | past · passive | the Indians | the logs |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **put** | infinitive | the Indians *not said here* |  |  | place | then |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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