---
title: Earth was heaped up on both sides of the logs to keep them from fall… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Earth was heaped up on both sides of the logs to keep them from falling. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 6

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Earth was heaped up on both sides of the logs to keep them from falling.

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**What happens:** heap up, keep, fall · **To what, where:** Earth, sides, logs

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:6
# text = Earth was heaped up on both sides of the logs to keep them from falling.
1	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	heaped	heap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap up** | past · passive |  | Earth |  | both sides of the logs |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on side=Destination |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | logs *= log* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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