---
title: In making the fire to burn the logs, a small dry stick was quickly r… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: In making the fire to burn the logs, a small dry stick was quickly rubbed with a steady motion against well-seasoned wood; after a while it would burn. Who acts: stick. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, with 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 8

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In making the fire to burn the logs, a small dry stick was quickly rubbed with a steady motion against well-seasoned wood; after a while it would burn.

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**Who acts:** stick · **What happens:** make, burn, rub · **To what, where:** fire, logs, small dry stick

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:8
# text = In making the fire to burn the logs, a small dry stick was quickly rubbed with a steady motion against well-seasoned wood; after a while it would burn.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	seasoned	seasoned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
27	after	after	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | the fire |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product |
| 2 | **burn** | to-infinitive |  | the logs |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent log=Theme |
| 3 | **rub** | past · passive |  | a small dry stick |  |  |  | with a steady motion against seasoned wood; quickly *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with motion=Theme |
| 4 | **burn** | would | stick |  |  |  | while |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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