---
title: Great care was used in preserving coals of fire through the night ti… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Great care was used in preserving coals of fire through the night time for the next day’s use. Who acts: next day. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 9

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Great care was used in preserving coals of fire through the night time for the next day’s use.

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**Who acts:** next day · **What happens:** use, preserve · **To what, where:** Great care, coals

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (next day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:7:9
# text = Great care was used in preserving coals of fire through the night time for the next day’s use.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	preserving	preserve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’s	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Great care |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **preserve** | gerund |  | coals of fire |  |  | time | for the next day's use | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coal=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **use** |  | the next day |  |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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