---
title: These changed into flint stones when they touched the earth, and men… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These changed into flint stones when they touched the earth, and men made fire by striking two of them together. Who acts: These, arrows, men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the p
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/) / 12

# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These changed into flint stones when they touched the earth, and men made fire by striking two of them together.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** These, arrows, men · **What happens:** change, touch, make, strike · **To what, where:** men, flint stones, earth, fire, two

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, arrows, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:12
# text = These changed into flint stones when they touched the earth, and men made fire by striking two of them together.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	striking	strike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
18	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	together	together	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | participle | These | men |  |  |  | into flint stones *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into stone=Result |
| 2 | **touch** | past | arrows *= arrow* | the earth |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme earth=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **make** | participle | men *not said here* | fire |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product |
| 4 | **strike** | gerund | men *not said here* | two of arrows |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/11/)
- next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/13/)
- ↑ back to [I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/)