---
title: This gave Menabozho courage, and he traveled all over the earth teac… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This gave Menabozho courage, and he traveled all over the earth teaching men how to use stone and bone. Who acts: This, firestone. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 14

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This gave Menabozho courage, and he traveled all over the earth teaching men how to use stone and bone.

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**Who acts:** This, firestone · **What happens:** give, travel, teach, use · **To what, where:** Menabozho courage, earth, men, stone

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, firestone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:14
# text = This gave Menabozho courage, and he traveled all over the earth teaching men how to use stone and bone.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	traveled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	teaching	teach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
14	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
18	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | This | Menabozho courage |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
| 2 | **travel** | past | firestone |  |  | the earth |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over earth=Trajectory |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | gerund | firestone *not said here* |  | men |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent man=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive | firestone *not said here* | stone and bone |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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