---
title: While he traveled he saw the huge creatures whose bones are now dug… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: While he traveled he saw the huge creatures whose bones are now dug up from far under the ground. Who acts: firestone. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 18

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While he traveled he saw the huge creatures whose bones are now dug up from far under the ground.

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**Who acts:** firestone · **What happens:** travel, see, dig up · **To what, where:** huge creatures, ground · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (firestone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:18
# text = While he traveled he saw the huge creatures whose bones are now dug up from far under the ground.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	traveled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | firestone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | firestone |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **dig up** | present · passive |  | the huge creatures |  | the ground | now | bones *nsubj:pass* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from ground=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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