---
title: The first was Menabozho, who is the friend of all the human race. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The first was Menabozho, who is the friend of all the human race. Who acts: first Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 2

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The first was Menabozho, who is the friend of all the human race.

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**Who acts:** first Menabozho · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** first Menabozho, friend

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:2
# text = The first was Menabozho, who is the friend of all the human race.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the first Menabozho |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the first Menabozho | the friend |  |  |  | of all human race | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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