---
title: Menabozho placed four spirits at the four sides of the heavens. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Menabozho placed four spirits at the four sides of the heavens. Who acts: Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 22

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Menabozho placed four spirits at the four sides of the heavens.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho · **What happens:** place · **To what, where:** four spirits, four sides

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:22
# text = Menabozho placed four spirits at the four sides of the heavens.
1	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | past | Menabozho | four spirits |  | the four sides of the heavens |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spirit=Theme at side=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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