---
title: The spirit which he put in the north sends snow and ice so that the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The spirit which he put in the north sends snow and ice so that the Indian may hunt during the cold moons. Who acts: spirit, Indian. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 23

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The spirit which he put in the north sends snow and ice so that the Indian may hunt during the cold moons.

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**Who acts:** spirit, Indian · **What happens:** put, send, hunt · **To what, where:** north, snow

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirit, Indian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:23
# text = The spirit which he put in the north sends snow and ice so that the Indian may hunt during the cold moons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:outer	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	nsubj	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	hunt	hunt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
19	during	during	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the spirit |  |  | the north |  | Menabozho *nsubj* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in north=Destination |
| 2 | **send** | present | the spirit | snow and ice |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Theme |
| 3 | **hunt** | may | the Indian |  |  |  | during the cold moons |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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