---
title: The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and the spirit in… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and the spirit in the east gives light to the earth. Who acts: spirit. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 25

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The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and the spirit in the east gives light to the earth.

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**Who acts:** spirit · **What happens:** stand, send, give · **To what, where:** west, rain, light, earth

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:25
# text = The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and the spirit in the east gives light to the earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the spirit |  |  | the west |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in west=Location |
| 2 | **send** | present | the spirit | the rain |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | present | the spirit in the east | light | the earth |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent light=Theme to earth=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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