---
title: Menabozho changed the child into a white-cedar tree, and the tree st… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Menabozho changed the child into a white-cedar tree, and the tree stood for hundreds of winters in the place where the child had stood when he wished for long life. Who acts: Menabozho, tree, child. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho an
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 41

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Menabozho changed the child into a white-cedar tree, and the tree stood for hundreds of winters in the place where the child had stood when he wished for long life.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho, tree, child · **What happens:** change, stand, wish · **To what, where:** child, cedar tree, place

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho, tree, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:41
# text = Menabozho changed the child into a white-cedar tree, and the tree stood for hundreds of winters in the place where the child had stood when he wished for long life.
1	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	cedar	cedar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
23	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	27	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	stood	stand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	acl:relcl	_	_
28	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Menabozho | the child |  |  |  | into a cedar tree *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent child=Patient into tree=Result |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the tree |  |  | the place |  | for hundreds of winters | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location |
| 3 | **stand** | past · perfect | the child |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **wish** | past | Menabozho |  |  |  |  | for long life | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for life=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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