---
title: It was not far from where he lay by his mother’s wigwam when he dare… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: It was not far from where he lay by his mother’s wigwam when he dared the great Menabozho to a deed the manitou could not perform. Who acts: child, tree, manitou. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, with its depen
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 42

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It was not far from where he lay by his mother’s wigwam when he dared the great Menabozho to a deed the manitou could not perform.

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**Who acts:** child, tree, manitou · **What happens:** not be, lie, dare, not perform · **To what, where:** great Menabozho, deed

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (child, tree, manitou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:70:42
# text = It was not far from where he lay by his mother’s wigwam when he dared the great Menabozho to a deed the manitou could not perform.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’s	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	deed	deed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	manitou	manitou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
25	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | child |  |  |  |  | far *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | past | tree |  |  |  |  | by tree's mother's wigwam | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by wigwam=Location |
| 3 | **dare** | past | tree |  | the great Menabozho |  |  | to a deed | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menabozho=Recipient |
| 4 | **not** **perform** | could | the manitou | a deed *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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