---
title: The otter knew he must do as Menabozho told him, so he put his head… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The otter knew he must do as Menabozho told him, so he put his head down into the deep water. Who acts: otter, Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 19

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The otter knew he must do as Menabozho told him, so he put his head down into the deep water.

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**Who acts:** otter, Menabozho · **What happens:** know, do, tell, put down · **To what, where:** otter, head, deep water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (otter, Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:71:19
# text = The otter knew he must do as Menabozho told him, so he put his head down into the deep water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the otter |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | must | otter |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Menabozho |  | otter |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 4 | **put down** | past | otter | otter's head |  | the deep water |  | down *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent head=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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