---
title: He had no more life, but he had a little sand in one front paw. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He had no more life, but he had a little sand in one front paw. Who acts: muskrat. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 26

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He had no more life, but he had a little sand in one front paw.

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**Who acts:** muskrat · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** more life, little sand, one front paw

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:71:26
# text = He had no more life, but he had a little sand in one front paw.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	paw	paw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | muskrat | more life |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | muskrat | a little sand |  | one front paw |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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