---
title: Menabozho held the sand in his own hand and dried it in the sunshine. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Menabozho held the sand in his own hand and dried it in the sunshine. Who acts: Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 27

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Menabozho held the sand in his own hand and dried it in the sunshine.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho · **What happens:** hold, dry · **To what, where:** sand, own hand, sunshine

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:71:27
# text = Menabozho held the sand in his own hand and dried it in the sunshine.
1	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dried	dry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | Menabozho | the sand |  | Menabozho's own hand |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sand=Theme in hand=Location |
| 2 | **dry** | past | Menabozho *not said here* | sand |  | the sunshine |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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