---
title: One day he saw the chief of the water manitous asleep on a rock, and… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: One day he saw the chief of the water manitous asleep on a rock, and he shot and killed him with a magic arrow; then the little water manitous called the big rivers to help them and chased Menabozho up a high hill. Who acts: Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 3

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One day he saw the chief of the water manitous asleep on a rock, and he shot and killed him with a magic arrow; then the little water manitous called the big rivers to help them and chased Menabozho up a high hill.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho · **What happens:** see, shoot, kill, call, help, chase up · **To what, where:** chief, rock, Menabozho, big rivers, rivers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:71:3
# text = One day he saw the chief of the water manitous asleep on a rock, and he shot and killed him with a magic arrow; then the little water manitous called the big rivers to help them and chased Menabozho up a high hill.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	manitous	manitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	31	advmod	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	manitous	manitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	chased	chase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
41	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
42	up	up	ADP	RP	_	40	compound:prt	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Menabozho | the chief of the water |  | a rock | day | asleep *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chief=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | Menabozho |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kill** | past | Menabozho *not said here* | Menabozho |  |  |  | with a magic arrow | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with arrow=Instrument |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | the big rivers |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent river=Recipient |
| 5 | **help** | to-infinitive | Menabozho *not said here* | rivers *= river* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **chase up** | past | Menabozho *not said here* | Menabozho |  |  |  | a high hill *obj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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