---
title: The water reached halfway up the hill; the water manitous called all… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The water reached halfway up the hill; the water manitous called all the little rivers then to help them. Who acts: water. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 4

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The water reached halfway up the hill; the water manitous called all the little rivers then to help them.

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**Who acts:** water · **What happens:** reach, call, help · **To what, where:** hill, little rivers, rivers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:71:4
# text = The water reached halfway up the hill; the water manitous called all the little rivers then to help them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	halfway	halfway	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	manitous	manitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	xcomp	_	_
17	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | the water |  |  | the hill |  | halfway *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent up hill=Path |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | all little rivers |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive | the water *not said here* | rivers *= river* |  |  | then |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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