---
title: She found the birch-bark boxes and called to her little ones. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: She found the birch-bark boxes and called to her little ones. Who acts: wolf. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Menabozho Caught, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, III. Menabozho Caught, sentence 18

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She found the birch-bark boxes and called to her little ones.

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**Who acts:** wolf · **What happens:** find, call · **To what, where:** bark boxes, little ones · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Menabozho Caught. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:72:18
# text = She found the birch-bark boxes and called to her little ones.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | wolf | the bark boxes |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Topic |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the bark boxes *not said here* | wolf's little ones |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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