---
title: Menabozho sat on the ground and ate much moose meat; while he was ea… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Menabozho sat on the ground and ate much moose meat; while he was eating he heard a noise over his head and saw that two trees were pulling each other. Who acts: Menabozho, two trees. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Menabozho Caught, with it
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, III. Menabozho Caught, sentence 7

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Menabozho sat on the ground and ate much moose meat; while he was eating he heard a noise over his head and saw that two trees were pulling each other.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho, two trees · **What happens:** sit, eat, hear, see, pull · **To what, where:** ground, much moose meat, noise, head, each

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Menabozho Caught. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho, two trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:72:7
# text = Menabozho sat on the ground and ate much moose meat; while he was eating he heard a noise over his head and saw that two trees were pulling each other.
1	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
30	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	29	obj	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Menabozho |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | past | Menabozho *not said here* | much moose meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |
| 3 | **eat** | past · progressive | Menabozho |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hear** | past | Menabozho | a noise |  | Menabozho's head |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus |
| 5 | **see** | past | Menabozho *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **pull** | past · progressive | two trees | each |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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