---
title: The kingfisher twisted his head out of Menabozho’s fingers, gave a l… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The kingfisher twisted his head out of Menabozho’s fingers, gave a laugh, and flew away; and that is the way he got his ruffle. Who acts: kingfisher, that, Menabozho. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruf
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, sentence 19

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The kingfisher twisted his head out of Menabozho’s fingers, gave a laugh, and flew away; and that is the way he got his ruffle.

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**Who acts:** kingfisher, that, Menabozho · **What happens:** twist, give, fly away, be, get · **To what, where:** head, fingers, laugh, way, ruffle

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingfisher, that, Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:73:19
# text = The kingfisher twisted his head out of Menabozho’s fingers, gave a laugh, and flew away; and that is the way he got his ruffle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kingfisher	kingfisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	twisted	twist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	away	away	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	ruffle	ruffle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twist** | past | the kingfisher | kingfisher's head |  | Menabozho's fingers |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent head=Theme out finger=Trajectory |
| 2 | **give** | past |  | a laugh |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laugh=Theme |
| 3 | **fly away** | past |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | that | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **get** | past | Menabozho | Menabozho's ruffle |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ruffle=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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