---
title: One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he threw the goose he had caught over his back and tried to leap across the stream. Who acts: wolf. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruff
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, sentence 4

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One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he threw the goose he had caught over his back and tried to leap across the stream.

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**Who acts:** wolf · **What happens:** be, see, throw, catch, try, leap · **To what, where:** narrow stream, way, goose, wolf, back, stream

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:73:4
# text = One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he threw the goose he had caught over his back and tried to leap across the stream.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	goose	goose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	parataxis	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	across	across	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the wolf |  |  |  | day | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | the wolf *not said here* | a narrow stream |  | wolf's way |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stream=Stimulus |
| 3 | **throw** | past | wolf | the goose |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goose=Theme |
| 4 | **catch** | past · perfect · passive |  | wolf |  | wolf's back |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **try** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **leap** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the stream |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across stream=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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