---
title: The next day Menabozho saw the kingfisher sitting on a tree near the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day Menabozho saw the kingfisher sitting on a tree near the stream. Who acts: Menabozho, kingfisher. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, sentence 6

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The next day Menabozho saw the kingfisher sitting on a tree near the stream.

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**Who acts:** Menabozho, kingfisher · **What happens:** see, sit · **To what, where:** kingfisher, tree

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho, kingfisher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:73:6
# text = The next day Menabozho saw the kingfisher sitting on a tree near the stream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	Menabozho	Menabozho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kingfisher	kingfisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Menabozho | the kingfisher |  |  | day |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kingfisher=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund | the kingfisher *not said here* |  |  | a tree |  | near the stream | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tree=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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