---
title: “I never did, but my father’s brother, Little Crow, saw one fall dea… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “I never did, but my father’s brother, Little Crow, saw one fall dead out of the sky. Who acts: white man, brother. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 10

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“I never did, but my father’s brother, Little Crow, saw one fall dead out of the sky.

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**Who acts:** white man, brother · **What happens:** not do, see · **To what, where:** sky

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white man, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:76:10
# text = “I never did, but my father’s brother, Little Crow, saw one fall dead out of the sky.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
15	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	_
18	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | past | the white man *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | past | my father's brother and Little Crow |  |  | the sky |  | dead *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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