---
title: The Dakotas believe that their god of storm lives on Thunder Cap, a… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Dakotas believe that their god of storm lives on Thunder Cap, a high promontory in Minnesota overlooking Lake Superior; from here he sends the rain, hail, or snow. Who acts: Dakotas, god, high promontory. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 52

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The Dakotas believe that their god of storm lives on Thunder Cap, a high promontory in Minnesota overlooking Lake Superior; from here he sends the rain, hail, or snow.

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**Who acts:** Dakotas, god, high promontory · **What happens:** believe, live, overlook, send · **To what, where:** Thunder Cap, Lake, rain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, god, high promontory), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:76:52
# text = The Dakotas believe that their god of storm lives on Thunder Cap, a high promontory in Minnesota overlooking Lake Superior; from here he sends the rain, hail, or snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Thunder	Thunder	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Cap	Cap	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	promontory	promontory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	overlooking	overlook	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
20	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	Superior	Superior	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	obl	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | the Dakotas |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **live** | present | spears's god of storm |  |  | Thunder Cap |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cap=Location |
| 3 | **overlook** | gerund | a high promontory in Minnesota *not said here* | Lake |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Theme |
| 4 | **send** | present | God | the rain and hail |  |  |  | snow *obl* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent rain=Theme from here=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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