---
title: Thunder Bay lies at his feet; on its shore lies the great giant turn… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Thunder Bay lies at his feet; on its shore lies the great giant turned to stone, who, ages ago, dared to defy Big Thunder. Who acts: Thunder Bay. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 53

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Thunder Bay lies at his feet; on its shore lies the great giant turned to stone, who, ages ago, dared to defy Big Thunder.

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**Who acts:** Thunder Bay · **What happens:** lie, turn, dare, defy · **To what, where:** feet, great giant, shore, Big Thunder

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thunder Bay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:76:53
# text = Thunder Bay lies at his feet; on its shore lies the great giant turned to stone, who, ages ago, dared to defy Big Thunder.
1	Thunder	Thunder	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
11	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	defy	defy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	flat	_	_
28	Thunder	Thunder	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | Thunder Bay |  |  | Bay's feet |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at foot=Location |
| 2 | **lie** | present | Thunder Bay *not said here* | the great giant |  | promontory's shore |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn** | participle |  | the great giant *not said here* |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **dare** | past | Thunder Bay *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **defy** | to-infinitive | Thunder Bay *not said here* | Big Thunder |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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