---
title: He carried the strings of wampum to the Mohawks, and they believe th… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He carried the strings of wampum to the Mohawks, and they believe their tribe to have been the first to use it. Who acts: Hiawatha, strings. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 13

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He carried the strings of wampum to the Mohawks, and they believe their tribe to have been the first to use it.

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**Who acts:** Hiawatha, strings · **What happens:** carry, believe, be, use · **To what, where:** strings, Mohawks, tribe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiawatha, strings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:78:13
# text = He carried the strings of wampum to the Mohawks, and they believe their tribe to have been the first to use it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wampum	wampum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Mohawks	mohawk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	ccomp	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Hiawatha | the strings of wampum |  | the Mohawks |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent string=Theme to mohawk=Destination |
| 2 | **believe** | present | strings *= string* | strings's tribe |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tribe=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | tribe |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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