---
title: When these mounds were uncovered, it was known that they were only h… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: When these mounds were uncovered, it was known that they were only heaps of broken shells. Who acts: Mounds. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [IX. Wampum or Indian Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/) / 16

# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When these mounds were uncovered, it was known that they were only heaps of broken shells.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mounds · **What happens:** uncover, know, be, break · **To what, where:** mounds, lake, heaps

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:78:16
# text = When these mounds were uncovered, it was known that they were only heaps of broken shells.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	mounds	mound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	uncovered	uncover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **uncover** | past · passive |  | this mounds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | past · passive |  | lake |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Mounds *= mound* | heaps |  |  |  | of broken shells | tree rules |
| 4 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/15/)
- next →: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/17/)
- ↑ back to [IX. Wampum or Indian Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/)