---
title: An old teepee stood by a frozen river in the forest where there are… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: An old teepee stood by a frozen river in the forest where there are many pine trees. Who acts: old teepee. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. Legend of the Arbutus, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. Legend of the Arbutus, sentence 2

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An old teepee stood by a frozen river in the forest where there are many pine trees.

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**Who acts:** old teepee · **What happens:** stand, freeze · **To what, where:** forest

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. Legend of the Arbutus. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old teepee), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:79:2
# text = An old teepee stood by a frozen river in the forest where there are many pine trees.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teepee	teepee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a old teepee |  |  | the forest |  | by a frozen river | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by river=Location |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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