---
title: This must have been the Mississippi. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This must have been the Mississippi. Who acts: This. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 10

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This must have been the Mississippi.

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**Who acts:** This · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Mississippi

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:8:10
# text = This must have been the Mississippi.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Mississippi	Mississippi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | must · perfect | This | the Mississippi |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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