---
title: Leni Lennape means Men of Men or The People, and these sticks have b… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Leni Lennape means Men of Men or The People, and these sticks have been held to prove that their nation is one of the oldest among the red men. Who acts: Leni, nation. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 4

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Leni Lennape means Men of Men or The People, and these sticks have been held to prove that their nation is one of the oldest among the red men.

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**Who acts:** Leni, nation · **What happens:** mean, hold, prove, be · **To what, where:** Men, sticks, one

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leni, nation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:8:4
# text = Leni Lennape means Men of Men or The People, and these sticks have been held to prove that their nation is one of the oldest among the red men.
1	Leni	Leni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Lennape	Lennape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	People	People	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	ccomp	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	nmod	_	_
27	among	among	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Leni | Men of Men or the People |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
| 2 | **hold** | present · perfect · passive |  | this sticks |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **prove** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | sticks's nation | one |  |  |  | of the oldest among the red men | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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