---
title: “Where are those who were with you at the first?” asked the watchman. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “Where are those who were with you at the first?” asked the watchman. Who acts: those. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the One Who Loved Him Most, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the One Who Loved Him Most, sentence 43

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“Where are those who were with you at the first?” asked the watchman.

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**Who acts:** those · **What happens:** be, ask · **To what, where:** those, first, watchman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the One Who Loved Him Most. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:80:43
# text = “Where are those who were with you at the first?” asked the watchman.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
14	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | those |  | the first |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | with you; who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | those | the watchman |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent watchman=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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