---
title: He believed it would bring light, and the men and the animals were h… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He believed it would bring light, and the men and the animals were helped, he was so strong. Who acts: Khaih, fox. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 13

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He believed it would bring light, and the men and the animals were helped, he was so strong.

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**Who acts:** Khaih, fox · **What happens:** believe, bring, help, be · **To what, where:** light, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Khaih, fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:82:13
# text = He believed it would bring light, and the men and the animals were helped, he was so strong.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | Khaih |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bring** | would | fox | light |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | past · passive |  | the men and the animals |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **is** | past | Khaih |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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