---
title: The old chief came out and drove the little light away. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The old chief came out and drove the little light away. Who acts: old chief. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 16

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The old chief came out and drove the little light away.

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**Who acts:** old chief · **What happens:** come out, drive · **To what, where:** little light

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:82:16
# text = The old chief came out and drove the little light away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | the old chief |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **drive** | past | the old chief *not said here* | the little light |  |  |  | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme light=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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